Ketogenic diet enhances cognitive- behavioral function and hippocampal neurogenesis while attenuating amyloid pathology in Tg-SwDI mice
Background: The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate protein intake, has gained attention for its therapeutic potential in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies in AD rodent models report that KD and/or ketogenic supplements attenuate cognitive-behavioral impairments, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and tau pathology. However, it is unknown whether KD can similarly benefit individuals with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a prevalent condition in which Aβ accumulates in cerebral vessels. CAA is highly comorbid with AD and, on its own, increases the risk of stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia, yet no effective treatments currently exist. Objective: To determine whether KD can improve cognitive-behavioral and neuropathological outcomes in a mouse model with CAA. Methods: Male Tg-SwDI mice were fed either a standard chow or KD from 3.5 to 7.5 months of age. Following ∼3 months of dietary intervention, glucose and ketone body levels were assessed, then mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate locomotor activity, anxiety-related behaviors, and cognition. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess amyloid pathology, vascular density, neuroinflammation, white matter integrity, and hippocampal neurogenesis. Results: In addition to KD inducing nutritional ketosis and achieving metabolic benefits, mice on KD exhibited increased activity, enhanced spatial le
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Immunostimulatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Extracts on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice
In this study, the effect of Moringa oleifera extracts were inves tigated on an immunosuppressed model of cyclophosphamideinduced Swiss mice. M. oleifera seed and root extracts (2.0 g kg−1 body wt) were administered orally for 7 consecutive days; cyclo phosphamide (CP) (200 mg kg−1 i.p.) was administered by IV on the 4th day. Results indicated that the extracts of the M. oleifera seeds and roots ameliorated the immunosuppressive effects of CP on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, leukocyte counts, relative organ weight, IgM concentration, serum TNF-α assay and micro-histological images. This study demonstrated in vivo the therapeutic effect of M. oleifera on the immune response in clinical application. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 3 May 2020 KEYW ORDS Bioactivity; immunostimulatory activity; immunosuppression; Swiss mice Introduction There is a growing interest in using natural products to improve the immune response since many natural products have shown immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system of the human body.[1] Immunosuppression is a state where the body responds inadequately to pathogens and external organism, individuals who are immunocompromised are at higher risk of infec tion and cancer.[2] Immunosuppression can be due to the patient’s genetics disposition or due to external source such as radiation, drug or chemotherapy. Most of the synthetic prescription immunostimulants (e.g. Lonquex, Mepact) possess side effe
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