—Information security has become a major concern in today's digital world with the rapid growth of the internet. To confront this challenge, various techniques like cryptography and steganography have developed in the fields of computer security for protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access. The review paper explores modern steganography techniques, providing valuable information about their applications in data security. It analyzes the emerging field of DNA-based steganography. The paper also examines the dynamic domain of audio steganography, focusing on the challenge of developing strong, high-capacity systems for secure communication. Additionally, it focuses on evaluation of digital image steganography methods. Keywords—DNA steganography, Image steganography, Audio steganography, Prisoners’ problem, Cracking probability, SNR, Temporal Domain, Transform Domain, LSB, RGB, Discrete Cosine Transform, Stego-Image. I. INTRODUCTION This research highlights on the growing interest in DNAbased steganography and its importance in enhancing data protection. There are various policies and protocols to secure patients’ data, and its security and privacy is a main key issue that remains for EHR systems. In this paper, according to privacy and security, we discuss the basics of DNA steganography to protect the confidential data from cybercriminals and attackers in the field of communication and data security [1]. The properties
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